Addressing the Global Tobacco Epidemic: The Impact of Cigarette Smoking on Public Health

- December 01, 2024

~~ Dr. Wey George Danlami Consultant-Family Physician

Cigarette smoking remains a major public health concern, with nicotine addiction and tobacco use being key risk factors for a wide range of serious health conditions, including cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, various types of cancer, and other debilitating illnesses. Over 8 million people die annually as a result of tobacco use, with the majority of these deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries.

It is not just smokers who are at risk, as exposure to second-hand smoke can also have deadly consequences, causing 1.2 million deaths each year. Children are particularly vulnerable, with around 65,000 deaths annually attributed to illnesses related to second-hand smoke exposure. Additionally, smoking during pregnancy can result in lifelong health issues for babies.

In recent years, newer nicotine and tobacco products such as heated tobacco products (HTPs) and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have gained popularity. While some perceive these products as a safer alternative to traditional cigarettes, they still pose significant health risks. HTPs contain toxic emissions that can lead to cancer and other health problems, while e-cigarettes may expose users to harmful substances and potentially increase the risk of heart disease and lung disorders.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has taken a strong stance against tobacco use and has implemented various measures to combat the tobacco epidemic. The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) was adopted in 2003, with 182 countries currently signed on to the treaty. The MPOWER measures, introduced by WHO in 2007, focus on key strategies to reduce tobacco use, including monitoring tobacco use, protecting individuals from tobacco exposure, offering cessation support, implementing health warnings, enforcing advertising bans, and raising taxes on tobacco products.

It is essential for individuals to be informed about the dangers of tobacco use and to have access to resources to help them quit smoking. Governments must also play a role in implementing policies and regulations to reduce tobacco consumption and protect public health. By working together, we can strive to create a healthier, smoke-free world for future generations.