What You Need to Know About HMPV (Human Metapneumovirus) – 2025 Update
~~ Dr Wey George Danlami Consultant-Family Physician
Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a respiratory virus causing flu-like symptoms, particularly affecting children, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems.
Key Points:
- Symptoms include cough, fever, nasal congestion, sore throat, shortness of breath, and wheezing in severe cases.
- In children, there is potential for bronchiolitis or pneumonia.
- In adults, HMPV can exacerbate chronic conditions like asthma or COPD.
Transmission:
- HMPV is spread through respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing and direct contact with contaminated surfaces.
- Peak activity is during late winter to early spring.
At-Risk Groups:
1) Children under 5 years old
2) Elderly individuals, especially with underlying health conditions
3) Immunocompromised patients
Current Global Situation (as of January 7, 2025):
1) China has seen a significant rise in HMPV cases among children under 14, surpassing other respiratory illnesses.
2) India reported its first cases in Bengaluru, with infants being diagnosed with bronchopneumonia.
3) Malaysia had an increase in HMPV cases from 2023 to 2024.
4) The United States has not had a significant rise in cases.
Prevention & Management:
- There is no vaccine or specific antiviral treatment for HMPV.
- Management focuses on supportive care including hydration, rest, and over-the-counter medications for symptom relief.
Preventive Measures:
1) Regular handwashing with soap and water
2) Avoiding close contact with individuals exhibiting respiratory symptoms
3) Wearing masks in crowded or high-risk settings
4) Disinfecting frequently touched surfaces
Clinical Considerations:
- Consider HMPV testing in patients with severe respiratory symptoms, especially when tests for influenza and RSV are negative.
- Be aware of potential co-infections with other respiratory viruses, which can increase disease severity.
Stay Informed:
Monitor updates from CDC, WHO, NCDC and adhere to recommended guidelines to protect yourself and others.
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